Ansible - 角色
角色为完全独立或相互依赖的变量、任务、文件、模板和模块集合提供了一个框架。
在 Ansible 中，角色是将playbook分成多个文件的主要机制。这简化了编写复杂的playbook，并且使它们更易于重用。 playbook 的拆分允许您在逻辑上将 playbook 拆分为可重用的组件。
每个角色基本上都限于特定的功能或所需的输出，以及在该角色本身或列为依赖项的其他角色中提供该结果的所有必要步骤。
角色不是playbook。角色是可以独立使用但必须在playbook中使用的小功能。没有办法直接执行角色。角色没有明确设置该角色将应用于哪个主机。
顶级playbook是将清单文件中的主机连接到应应用于这些主机的角色的桥梁。
创建新角色
角色的目录结构对于创建新角色至关重要。
角色结构
角色在文件系统上具有结构化布局。 默认结构可以更改，但现在让我们坚持使用默认结构。
每个角色本身就是一个目录树。 角色名称是 /roles 目录中的目录名称。
$ ansible-galaxy -h
用法
ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup] [--help] [options] ...
选项
-h, --help − 显示此帮助消息并退出。
-v, --verbose − 详细模式（-vvv 更多，-vvvv 启用连接调试）
--version − 显示程序的版本号并退出。
创建角色目录
上面的命令已经创建了角色目录。
$ ansible-galaxy init vivekrole
ERROR! The API server (https://galaxy.ansible.com/api/) is not responding, please try again later.
$ ansible-galaxy init --force --offline vivekrole
- vivekrole was created successfully
$ tree vivekrole/
vivekrole/
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files ├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md ├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates ├── tests │ ├── inventory
│ └── test.yml
└── vars
└── main.yml
8 directories, 8 files
示例中不会使用所有目录，我们将在示例中展示其中一些目录的使用。
在playbook中使用角色
这是我们为演示目的编写的playbook的代码。 此代码属于playbook vivek_orchestrate.yml。 我们已经定义了主机：tomcat-node，并调用了两个角色——install-tomcat和start-tomcat。
问题陈述是我们需要通过 Ansible 在机器上部署一个任务。
---
- hosts: tomcat-node
roles:
- {role: install-tomcat}
- {role: start-tomcat}
我们运行 playbook 的目录结构的内容。
$ ls ansible.cfg hosts roles vivek_orchestrate.retry vivek_orchestrate.yml
每个目录下都有一个tasks目录，其中包含一个main.yml。 install-tomcat 的 main.yml 内容是 −
---
#Install vivek artifacts
-
block:
- name: Install Tomcat artifacts
action: >
yum name = "demo-tomcat-1" state = present
register: Output
always:
- debug:
msg:
- "Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {{Output}}"
- "Installed Tomcat artifacts - {{Output.changed}}"
启动tomcat的main.yml内容为 −
#Start Tomcat
-
block:
- name: Start Tomcat
command: <path of tomcat>/bin/startup.sh"
register: output
become: true
always:
- debug:
msg:
- "Start Tomcat task ended with message: {{output}}"
- "Tomcat started - {{output.changed}}"
将playbook分解为角色的好处是，任何想要使用安装 Tomcat 功能的人都可以调用安装 Tomcat 角色。
将playbook分解为角色
如果不针对角色，则可以将相应角色的 main.yml 的内容复制到 playbook yml 文件中。 但是为了具有模块化，创建了角色。
任何可以作为可重用函数重用的逻辑实体，该实体都可以移动到角色。 这方面的例子如上所示
运行命令以运行 playbook。
-vvv option for verbose output – verbose output $ cd vivek-playbook/
这是运行playbook的命令
$ sudo ansible-playbook -i hosts vivek_orchestrate.yml –vvv ----------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
输出
生成的输出如屏幕所示 −
使用 /users/demo/vivek-playbook/ansible.cfg 作为配置文件。
PLAYBOOK: vivek_orchestrate.yml *********************************************************
***********************************************************
1 plays in vivek_orchestrate.yml
PLAY [tomcat-node] **********************************************************************
******** *************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************
****************************** *********************************************
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:05 +0530 (0:00:00.056) 0:00:00.056 ******
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/system/setup.py
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" &&
echo ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870="`
echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" ) && sleep 0'
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmpPEPrkd TO
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/setup.py; rm -rf
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'
ok: [server1]
META: ran handlers
TASK [install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts] ***********************************
***************************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:07 +0530 (0:00:01.515) 0:00:01.572 ******
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/packaging/os/yum.py
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" && echo
ansibletmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302="` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" ) && sleep 0'
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmpu83chg TO
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/yum.py; rm -rf
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/" > /dev/null 2>
&1 && sleep 0'
changed: [server1] => {
"changed": true,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"conf_file": null,
"disable_gpg_check": false,
"disablerepo": null,
"enablerepo": null,
"exclude": null,
"install_repoquery": true,
"installroot": "/",
"list": null,
"name": ["demo-tomcat-1"],
"skip_broken": false,
"state": "present",
"update_cache": false,
"validate_certs": true
}
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: product-id,
search-disabled-repos,
subscriptionmanager\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management.
You can use subscription-manager to register.\nResolving Dependencies\n-->
Running transaction check\n--->
Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency
Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n
\n================================================================================\n
Package Arch Version Repository
Size\n==================================================================\nInstalling:\n
demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\n\nTransaction
Summary\n==================================================================\nInstall 1
Package\n\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\nDownloading
packages:\nRunning transaction
check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing :
demotomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n Verifying :
demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n
demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] **********************************************************
***************************************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:06.757) 0:00:08.329 ******
ok: [server1] => {
"changed": false,
"msg": [
"Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {
u'msg': u'', u'changed': True, u'results':
[u'Loaded plugins: product-id,
search-disabledrepos,
subscription-manager\\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management.
You can use subscription-manager to register.\\nResolving Dependencies\\n-->
Running transaction check\\n--->
Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\\n-->
Finished Dependency Resolution\\n
\\nDependencies
Resolved\\n\\n==================================================================\\n
Package Arch Version Repository
Size\\n========================================================================
=====\\nInstalling:\\n demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\\n\\nTransaction
Summary\\n=========================================================\\nInstall 1
Package\\n\\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\\nDownloading
packages:\\nRunning
transaction check\\nRunning transaction test\\nTransaction test succeeded\\nRunning
transaction\\n
Installing : demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \\n Verifying :
demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch
1/1 \\n\\nInstalled:\\n demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 \\n\\nComplete!\\n'], u'rc': 0
}",
"Installed Tomcat artifacts - True"
]
}
TASK [install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment] ****************************************
************************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:00.057) 0:00:08.387 ******
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or
{% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}}
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/files/file.py
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" && echo
ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963="` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" ) && sleep 0'
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp0aXel7 TO
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/file.py; rm -rf
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/" > /dev/null 2>&1
&& sleep 0'
changed: [server1] => {
"changed": true,
"diff": {
"after": {
"path": "/users/demo/DEMO",
"state": "absent"
},
"before": {
"path": "/users/demo/DEMO",
"state": "directory"
}
},
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"attributes": null,
"backup": null,
"content": null,
"delimiter": null,
"diff_peek": null,
"directory_mode": null,
"follow": false,
"force": false,
"group": null,
"mode": null,
"original_basename": null,
"owner": null,
"path": "/users/demo/DEMO",
"recurse": false,
"regexp": null,
"remote_src": null,
"selevel": null,
"serole": null,
"setype": null,
"seuser": null,
"src": null,
"state": "absent",
"unsafe_writes": null,
"validate": null
}
},
"path": "/users/demo/DEMO",
"state": "absent"
}
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
*************************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.257) 0:00:08.645 ******
ok: [server1] => {
"changed": false,
"msg": [
"Clean DEMO environment task ended with message:{u'diff': {u'after': {u'path':
u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'absent'},
u'before': {u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'directory'}}, u'state': u'absent',
u'changed': True, u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO'}",
"check value :True"
]
}
TASK [install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home] *************************************
********************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.055) 0:00:08.701 ******
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or
{% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}}
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" && echo
ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443="` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" ) && sleep 0'
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp25deWs TO
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/command.py; rm -rf
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443/" > /dev/null 2>&1
&& sleep 0'
changed: [server1] => {
"changed": true,
"cmd": [
"cp",
"-r",
"/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo",
"/users/demo/DEMO/"
],
"delta": "0:00:00.017923",
"end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633",
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "cp -r /opt/ansible/tomcat/demo /users/demo/DEMO/",
"_uses_shell": false,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"removes": null,
"warn": true
}
},
"rc": 0,
"start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "",
"stdout_lines": []
}
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
**********************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.260) 0:00:08.961 ******
ok: [server1] => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Copy Tomcat to user home task ended with message {
'stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633', u'stdout':
u'', u'cmd': [u'cp', u'-r', u'/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo', u'/users/demo/DEMO/'], u'rc': 0,
u'start': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.017923',
'stdout_lines': []}"
}
TASK [start-tomcat : Start Tomcat] **************************************************
**********************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.044) 0:00:09.006 ******
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" && echo
ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197="` echo
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" ) && sleep 0'
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp9f06MQ TO
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py && sleep 0'
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python
/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/command.py; rm -rf
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197/" > /dev/null 2>&1
&& sleep 0'
changed: [server1] => {
"changed": true,
"cmd": [ "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh" ],
"delta": "0:00:00.020024",
"end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649",
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh",
"_uses_shell": false,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"removes": null,
"warn": true
}
},
"rc": 0,
"start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "Tomcat started.",
"stdout_lines": [ "Tomcat started." ]
}
TASK [start-tomcat : debug] *************************************************
**********************************************************************
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.150) 0:00:09.156 ******
ok: [server1] => {
"changed": false,
"msg": [
"Start Tomcat task ended with message: {'
stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649', u'stdout':
u'Tomcat started.', u'cmd': [u'/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh'], u'rc': 0, u'start':
u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.020024',
'stdout_lines': [u'Tomcat started.']}",
"Tomcat started - True"
]
}
META: ran handlers
META: ran handlers
PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************
*********************************************************
server1 : ok = 9 changed = 4 unreachable = 0 failed = 0
Tuesday 21 November 2017 13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.042) 0:00:09.198 ******
===============================================================================
install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts ------------------------------- 6.76s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 --------------
Gathering Facts --------------------------------------------------------- 1.52s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home ------------------------------- 0.26s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37 -------------
install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment --------------------------------- 0.26s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19 -------------
start-tomcat : Start Tomcat --------------------------------------------- 0.15s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 ----------------
install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11 -------------
install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29 -------------
install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.04s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47 -------------
start-tomcat : debug ---------------------------------------------------- 0.04s
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10 ---------------
点击以下网址，您将被定向到如下所示的页面 − http://10.76.0.134:11677/HelloWorld/HelloWorld
部署的 war 只有一个显示"Hello World"的 servlet。 由于 ansible.cfg 文件中添加的条目，详细输出显示了每个任务所花费的时间 −
[defaults] callback_whitelist = profile_tasks
