RxPy - 示例

在本章中,我们将详细讨论以下主题 −

  • 显示可观察对象、运算符和订阅观察者的工作原理的基本示例。
  • observable 和 subject 之间的区别。
  • 了解冷和热 Observable。

下面给出了一个基本示例,展示了可观察对象、运算符和订阅观察者的工作原理。

示例

test.py

import requests
import rx
import json
from rx import operators as ops
def filternames(x):
   if (x["name"].startswith("C")):
      return x["name"]
   else :
      return ""
content = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
y = json.loads(content.text)
source = rx.from_(y)
case1 = source.pipe(
   ops.filter(lambda c: filternames(c)),
   ops.map(lambda a:a["name"])
)
case1.subscribe(
   on_next = lambda i: print("Got - {0}".format(i)), 8. RxPy — Examples
   on_error = lambda e: print("Error : {0}".format(e)),
   on_completed = lambda: print("Job Done!"),
)

这是一个非常简单的示例,其中,我从该 URL 获取用户数据 −

https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users.

过滤数据,给出以"C"开头的名字,然后使用地图只返回名字。 这是相同的输出 −

E:\pyrx\examples>python test.py
Got - Clementine Bauch
Got - Chelsey Dietrich
Got - Clementina DuBuque
Job Done!

observable 和 subject 的区别

在这个例子中,我们将看到 observable 和 subject 之间的区别。

from rx import of, operators as op
import random
test1 = of(1,2,3,4,5)
sub1 = test1.pipe(
   op.map(lambda a : a+random.random())
)
print("From first subscriber")
subscriber1 = sub1.subscribe(lambda i: print("From sub1 {0}".format(i)))
print("From second subscriber")
subscriber2 = sub1.subscribe(lambda i: print("From sub2 {0}".format(i)))

输出

E:\pyrx>python testrx.py
From first subscriber
From sub1 1.610450821095726
From sub1 2.9567564032037335
From sub1 3.933217537811936
From sub1 4.82444905626622
From sub1 5.929414892567188
From second subscriber
From sub2 1.8573813517529874
From sub2 2.902433239469483
From sub2 3.2289868093016825
From sub2 4.050413890694411
From sub2 5.226515068012821

在上面的例子中,每次你订阅observable,它都会给你新的值。

主题示例

from rx import of, operators as op
import random
from rx.subject import Subject
subject_test = Subject()
subject_test.subscribe(
   lambda x: print("From sub1 {0}".format(x))
)
subject_test.subscribe(
   lambda x: print("From sub2 {0}".format(x))
)
test1 = of(1,2,3,4,5)
sub1 = test1.pipe(
   op.map(lambda a : a+random.random())
)
subscriber = sub1.subscribe(subject_test)

输出

E:\pyrx>python testrx.py
From sub1 1.1789422863284509
From sub2 1.1789422863284509
From sub1 2.5525627903260153
From sub2 2.5525627903260153
From sub1 3.4191549324778325
From sub2 3.4191549324778325
From sub1 4.644042420199624
From sub2 4.644042420199624
From sub1 5.079896897489065
From sub2 5.079896897489065

如果您看到值是共享的,则在使用该主题的两个订阅者之间。


了解冷热 Observable

一个可观察对象被分类为

  • 冷 Observables
  • 热 Observables

当多个订阅者订阅时,会注意到可观察对象的差异。

冷 Observable

冷可观察对象,是被执行的可观察对象,并在每次订阅时呈现数据。 当它被订阅时,observable 被执行并给出新的值。

下面的例子给出了对cold observable的理解。

from rx import of, operators as op
import random
test1 = of(1,2,3,4,5)
sub1 = test1.pipe(
   op.map(lambda a : a+random.random())
)
print("From first subscriber")
subscriber1 = sub1.subscribe(lambda i: print("From sub1 {0}".format(i)))
print("From second subscriber")
subscriber2 = sub1.subscribe(lambda i: print("From sub2 {0}".format(i)))

输出

E:\pyrx>python testrx.py
From first subscriber
From sub1 1.610450821095726
From sub1 2.9567564032037335
From sub1 3.933217537811936
From sub1 4.82444905626622
From sub1 5.929414892567188
From second subscriber
From sub2 1.8573813517529874
From sub2 2.902433239469483
From sub2 3.2289868093016825
From sub2 4.050413890694411
From sub2 5.226515068012821

在上面的例子中,每次订阅 observable 时,它都会执行 observable 并发出值。 如上例所示,这些值也可能因订阅者而异。

热 Observable

在热可观察对象的情况下,它们会在准备就绪时发出值,而不会总是等待订阅。 发出值时,所有订阅者将获得相同的值。

当您希望在 observable 就绪时发出值,或者您希望与所有订阅者共享相同的值时,您可以使用热 observable。

热可观察对象的一个例子是 Subject 和可连接的运算符。

from rx import of, operators as op
import random
from rx.subject import Subject
subject_test = Subject()
subject_test.subscribe(
   lambda x: print("From sub1 {0}".format(x))
)
subject_test.subscribe(
   lambda x: print("From sub2 {0}".format(x))
)
test1 = of(1,2,3,4,5)
sub1 = test1.pipe(
   op.map(lambda a : a+random.random())
)
subscriber = sub1.subscribe(subject_test)

输出

E:\pyrx>python testrx.py
From sub1 1.1789422863284509
From sub2 1.1789422863284509
From sub1 2.5525627903260153
From sub2 2.5525627903260153
From sub1 3.4191549324778325
From sub2 3.4191549324778325
From sub1 4.644042420199624
From sub2 4.644042420199624
From sub1 5.079896897489065
From sub2 5.079896897489065

如果您看到,订阅者之间共享相同的值。 您可以使用 publish () connectable observable operator 实现相同的目的。